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Google'southward Android and Apple's iOS are operating systems used primarily in mobile technology, such every bit smartphones and tablets. Android, which is Linux-based and partly open source, is more PC-like than iOS, in that its interface and basic features are mostly more customizable from pinnacle to lesser. However, iOS' compatible design elements are sometimes seen as existence more than user-friendly.

You lot should cull your smartphone and tablet systems carefully, as switching from iOS to Android or vice versa will require yous to purchase apps again in the Google Play or Apple App Store. Android is now the world's most normally used smartphone platform and is used by many different phone manufacturers. iOS is only used on Apple tree devices, such as the iPhone.

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Comparison nautical chart

Android versus iOS comparison chart

	Android	iOS
	current rating is 4.14/5 1 2 3 4 v (3847 ratings)	current rating is 3.92/5 1 two 3 iv 5 (3546 ratings)
Developer	Various, mostly Google and Open up Handset Alliance	Apple tree Inc.
Initial release	September 23, 2008	July 29, 2007
Latest stable release and Updates	Android 12	iOS fifteen.iii.1 and iPadOS 15.3.i
Customizability	A lot. Tin can change most anything.	Limited unless jailbroken
Source model	Open source	Closed, with open source components.
File transfer	Easier than iOS. Using USB port and Android File Transfer desktop app. Photos can be transferred via USB without apps.	More than difficult. Media files tin exist transferred using iTunes (Windows and macOS pre-Catalina) desktop app (via Finder in newer version of macOS). Photos can be transferred out via USB without apps.
Widgets	Yes, except on lockscreen	Yeah
Net browsing	Google Chrome (other browsers are available). Any browser app tin can be set every bit default. Ad blocking is supported with Firefox.	Safari. Any browser app can be gear up as default but they all utilise the same rendering engine (Safari/Webkit) behind the scenes. Advertisement blocking is supported via content blockers like Firefox Focus, or by jailbreaking.
Web mapping service	Google Maps	Apple Maps (default). Google Maps as well bachelor via a carve up app download, just non as default.
Bachelor language(s)	100+ languages	40 languages
Video chat	Google Meet and other 3rd political party apps	FaceTime (Apple devices only) and other tertiary party apps
Virtual assistant	Google Banana	Siri
Available on	Many phones and tablets. Major manufacturers such every bit Samsung, Oppo, OnePlus, Vivo, Award and Xiaomi. Android One devices are pure Android. Pixel line of devices is made by Google, using a almost pure version of Android	iPod Bear upon, iPhone, iPad, Apple Television set (2nd and 3rd generation)
Calls and messaging	Google Messages. 3rd party apps similar Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Google Duo, Discord and Skype all work on Android and iOS both.	iMessage, FaceTime (with other Apple devices simply). 3rd party apps like Google Hangouts, Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Google Duo, Discord and Skype all work on Android and iOS both.
App store , Affordability and interface	Google Play Store – 2,500,000+ apps. Other app stores similar Amazon and Aptoide also distribute Android apps. (".APKs"). Apps containing virus occasionally to rare, but existing.	Apple tree App Store – 1,800,000+ apps. Apps containing virus very rare or nonexistent.
Culling app stores and side loading	Several alternative app stores other than the official Google Play Shop. (due east.chiliad. Aptoide, Milky way Apps)	Apple blocks tertiary party app stores. The phone needs to be jailbroken if you want to download apps from other stores.
Battery life and management	Many but not all Android phone manufacturers equip their devices with large batteries with a longer life.	Apple batteries are by and large non as big equally the largest Android batteries. However, Apple is able to squeeze decent battery life via hardware/software optimizations.
Open source	Kernel (Based on Linux), UI, and some standard apps	The iOS kernel is non open source but is based on the open-source Darwin OS.
File managing director	Yes. (Stock Android File Manager included on devices running Android seven.1.ane)	Files app, limited and less useful (iOS 12).
Photos & Videos fill-in	Apps available for automatic fill-in of photos and videos. Google Photos allows unlimited backup of photos at a compressed quality. OneDrive, Amazon Photos and Dropbox are other alternatives.	Up to 5 GB of photos and videos can be automatically support with iCloud, more paid iCloud storage available via subscription. All other vendors similar Google, Amazon, Dropbox, Flickr and Microsoft have auto-backup apps for both iOS and Android.
Security	Monthly security updates. Android software patches are available soonest to Pixel device users. Manufacturers tend to lag behind in pushing out these updates. And then at any given fourth dimension a vast majority of Android devices are running outdated Os software.	Occasional security updates. Security threats rare, because iOS is locked and downloading apps out of the App Store is complicated.
Rooting, bootloaders, and jailbreaking	Access and consummate control over your device is available and you can unlock the bootloader.	Complete control over your device is not available.
Deject services	Native integration with Google Drive storage. 15GB complimentary, $2/mo for 100GB, 1TB for $10. Apps available for Amazon Photos, OneDrive and Dropbox.	Native integration with iCloud. 5GB gratis, 50GB for $1/mo, 200GB for $3/mo, 1TB for $10/mo. Apps bachelor for Google Drive and Google Photos, Amazon Photos, OneDrive and Dropbox.
Interface	Touch Screen	Touch Screen
Biometric Hallmark	Fingerprint and/or Face Authentication. Availability depends on manufacturer's hardware.	Fingerprint or Face Hallmark. Affect ID available on iPhone (5s and later) and iPad (Air 2 and later) but not on iPhone 10 or later. Face ID available on iPhone X and later, replacing Touch ID
OS family unit	Linux	Bone Ten, UNIX
Headphone Jack	Some current Android smartphones and many don't.	None on iPhone 7 and later, lighting to 3.5mm no longer comes with phone after iPhone XS

Interface

iOS and Android both use touch interfaces that have a lot in common - swiping, tapping and pinch-and-zoom. Both operating systems boot to a homescreen, which is similar to a computer desktop. While an iOS dwelling house screen only contains rows of app icons, Android allows the utilize of widgets, which display auto-updating information such as weather condition and email. The iOS user interface features a dock where users can pin their nigh often used applications.

A status bar runs beyond the top on both iOS and Android, offering information such the time, WiFi or cell signal, and bombardment life; on Android the status bar besides shows the number of newly received emails, letters and reminders.

A comparing of some of the features of the Android xi and iOS fourteen is hither. Android xi highlights include:

• Priority conversations
• Unified Device controls and payments
• 1-time permissions
• Native screen recording
• Improved media controls
• Enhanced support for foldable devices

iOS 14 highlights include:

• Custom Widget Stacks
• Picture in Picture show
• Compact Phone Calls
• 3rd-Party default apps
• Search in apps
• Emoji Search
• Exposure Lock
• QuickTake Video
• Pinned chats in Messages

To come across how the current versions — Android Marshmallow and iOS 143 — compare, watch the video beneath:

Many different manufacturers make Android phones and they ofttimes include some customization over the vanilla Android experience. e.g. HTC Sense or Samsung TouchWiz. Depending upon your device and carrier, there may exist pre-installed apps that are bundled with your Android device.

User experience

This commodity explains how app design patterns differ in Android and iOS. Android typically has a persistent dorsum button for navigation. While the look and feel are unlike, many apps -- like TikTok, YouTube and WhatsApp -- will expect familiar when you switch from Android to iOS or vice versa.

Sectional features

Features exclusive to iOS include:

• iMessage: Mayhap the almost popular iOS app, iMessage handles both SMS messages (when the other political party is on a non-Apple platform) also as Apple-supported chat (when all participants use iMessage). Its integration with Apple Pay makes sending and receiving money via iMessage extremely easy.
• AirDrop: AirDrop uses Bluetooth to share files, pictures, videos and links from the iPhone to whatever Apple device. It is very like shooting fish in a barrel to use.
• Share WiFi passwords: Sharing WiFi passwords between two iOS devices is a breeze. Simply hold them close together and a popular-upward will appear asking if you'd like to share your password.
• App offloading: iOS automatically identifies apps that you do not use and removes them from the device. Information from the apps is retained and they get reinstalled when you want to employ them.
• Breezy setup of new devices: Apple makes information technology very like shooting fish in a barrel to switch from an old iPhone to a new iPhone. When setting up a new iPhone, importing apps, data, passwords and settings is a cakewalk.

Features exclusive to Android include:

• Customizing the Dwelling house screen: Android offers a lot of flexibility for adding widgets and customizing the layout of the abode screen. It also supports other apps taking over the management of the home screen.
• File management: Android allows users to cull a file director, and likewise provides admission to the file system. Plugging an Android device into a PC exposes the telephone's file system as simply some other bulldoze, allowing elevate and drop admission for moving files betwixt the phone and the PC.
• Expandable Storage: Nearly Android phones come with expandable storage. While the phone may only take 32 or 64GB of storage, you tin add a microSD card to aggrandize it by up to 1TB more.
• Multiple Users and Guest accounts: While iOS is a single-user operating organisation, Android has added support for multiple users, and even a guest business relationship. This is particularly useful for sharing your phone with kids or with a friend who may demand it temporarily.
• Carve up screen: iOS merely supports split screen for iPads. Android supports this feature for phones likewise.

Software upgrades

This is i area where iOS users have a massive reward. iOS upgrades are by and large bachelor to all iOS devices. When Apple tree release iOS 14 in the fall of 2020, it was made available for iPhone models every bit old every bit the iPhone 6S, which was released in Sep 2015. Apple cites hardware capability equally the reason some older devices may not receive all new features in an upgrade.

Although Google does update Android frequently, some users may notice that they do not receive the updates on their phone, or fifty-fifty buy phones with out-of-date software. Phone manufacturers decide whether and when to offer software upgrades. They may not offering an upgrade to the latest version of Android for all the phones and tablets in their product line. Even when an upgrade is offered, it is usually several months afterwards the new version of Android has been released.

Speed

With the A-series chips that Apple tree designs in-house, the visitor has a roughly two-year lead over the best Android phones, which typically run Qualcomm'south Snapdragon series chips. The iPhone 12 hands beats both Samsung Galaxy 20 and Google's Pixel 5 in Geekbench five and 3DMark's Wild Life stress tests.

Apps Available on iOS vs. Android

Android gets apps from Google Play, which currently has over i million apps bachelor, well-nigh of which will run on tablets. However, some Android devices, such as the Kindle Burn down, utilise separate app stores that take a smaller choice of apps bachelor. Many originally iOS-only apps are now available for Android, including Instagram and Pinterest, and Google's more open app-store means other exclusive apps are also bachelor, including Adobe Flash Player and BitTorrent. Android likewise offers access to Google-based apps, such as Youtube and Google Docs.

The Apple app store currently offers over i million apps, most 30% of which are available for the iPad. Nigh developers prefer to develop games for iOS earlier they develop for Android. A list of iOS-only games is maintained hither on Wikipedia.

The bottomline when comparing Google and Apple tree'south app stores is that most pop apps are available for both platforms. Simply for tablets, there are more apps designed specifically for the iPad while Android tablet apps are often scaled upward versions of Android smartphone apps. Developers at startups often focus on one platform (commonly iOS) when they first launch their smartphone app because they do not have resources to serve multiple platforms from the go go. For instance, Instagram started with iOS and their Android app came much subsequently.

Another consideration is existence able to run Android apps on Windows PCs. Android apps distributed via Amazon's app store are compatible with Windows. In some use cases, for paid apps that you lot want to run both on your tablet and PC, this would give Android an reward.

Stability of Apps and the Operating System

The Crittercism Mobile Experience Report published in March 2014 ranked Android KitKat as more stable than iOS seven.1. Other findings from the report include:

• Android 2.3 Gingerbread has the highest total crash charge per unit, at 1.7%. Other versions of Android — Water ice Cream Sandwich, Jelly Bean, and KitKat — have a crash rate of 0.7%.
• iOs vii.1 has a crash rate of 1.6%., and the rates for iOS 7.0 and iOS 5 are 2.ane% and 2.five% respectively.
• Phone versions of both Android and iOS are more than stable than their tablet versions.
• Crash rates for apps vary by category — games are most probable to crash (4.4% crash rate) and e-commerce apps take the lowest crash rate of 0.iv%.

Device Selection

A wide diverseness of Android devices are bachelor at many different cost points, sizes and hardware capabilities.

iOS is but bachelor on Apple devices: the iPhone equally a phone, the iPad as a tablet, and the iPod Touch equally an MP3 role player. These tend to be more expensive than equivalent hardware using Android.

Call Features

Android allows the user to send one of a number of self-composed texts as autoreplies when declining a call.

iOS'south telephone app has many abilities, including the power to reply to a phonecall with a canned text message instead of answering, or to set a callback reminder. Information technology also has a Practise Non Disturb mode.

Messaging

Android allows users to log onto GTalk for instant messages. iOS does not offer a native style to chat to non-Apple tree users. Users tin can message over Apple users using iMessage or use apps from Google for GTalk and Microsoft for Skype.

Video Chat

Google Hangouts on Android tin also be used for video chat, allowing users to chat over either 3G or Wi-Fi. iOS uses Facetime, which tin identify video calls over both 3G and WiFi. Still, it but allows users to communicate with other Apple tree devices.

Vocalism Commands on Android vs. iOS

iOS uses Siri, a voice-based virtual banana, to empathise and respond to both dictation also as spoken commands. Siri includes many features, such every bit reading sports scores and standings, making reservations at restaurants and finding movie times at the local theater. Y'all can also dictate texts and emails, schedule agenda events, and interface with automobile audio and navigation.

Android offers a similar banana, Google Now, which features the in a higher place abilities, plus can keep track of your calendar and requite exact reminders when it is time to leave. Information technology allows for voice search and dictation.

The video below gives a quick demo of Google Now vs Siri:

Maps

Apps like Google Maps, Waze and Bing are available for both iOS and Android. When Google released its maps app for iOS in December 2012, the iOS version surpassed the version bachelor for Android in terms of features, design and ease of use. The Android version is not expected to stay backside. Apple'due south ain mapping app, which is bundled with every iOS device, was widely panned when it was launched with iOS 6.

Web Browsing

Android uses Google Chrome as its web-browser, while iOS uses Safari. Both Internet browsers are like in quality and abilities and Google Chrome is also bachelor for iOS. Safari is non available for Android.

Words With Friends app on Android (L) & iOS (R)

Facebook integration

Android is integrated with Facebook, allowing users to update their statuses or upload pictures from many apps, and to pull contact data from their Facebook friends.

iOS is also fully integrated with Facebook, assuasive users to update their status and upload images from various apps, sync their contacts with Facebook, and accept their Facebook events automatically added to their iOS Calendar. iOS now offers much deeper integration with Facebook and Twitter because of how tightly it is weaved into core apps on iOS.

Mobile payments

Android uses Google Wallet, an app that allows for mobile payments. Some Android phones are equipped with an NFC flake (about-field communication) that is used for making wireless payments but by tapping the telephone at the checkout counter. This service integrates with Google Wallet but is not available on all Android phones or wireless carriers. Mobile payments are supported on devices that take an NFC bit (such every bit Samsung'southward Milky way S4 and S5) equally long as they are running a version of Android newer that 4.4 KitKat.

The iOS mobile payment system is called Apple tree Pay. While Apple tree Pay was launched over a year later on tap-to-pay features on some Android phones, its integration with fingerprint identification arguably makes Apple tree Pay easier to apply. Usage of Apple Pay has certainly been significantly higher. In fact, Apple Pay has kindled interest in mobile payments and prompted Android users to discover the feature on their phones, leading to an increase in use of Google Wallet over NFC.^[ane] iOS offers Passbook, an app that collects in one place tickets, advantage cards, and credit/debit cards.

Security

Android'south applications are isolated from the rest of the organisation's resources, unless a user specifically grants an application access to other features. This makes the system less vulnerable to bugs, just developer confusion means that many apps enquire for unnecessary permissions. The almost widespread malware on Android is one where text messages are sent to premium charge per unit numbers without the knowledge of the user, and the sending of personal data to unauthorized third parties. As it is the more popular smartphone operating system, it is more likely to be the focus of attacks.

Malware writers are less likely to write apps for iOS, due to Apple's review of all the apps and verification of the identity of app publishers. However, if an iOS device is jailbroken and apps installed from exterior Apple'south store, information technology tin can be vulnerable to attacks and malware. Both iOS and Android are too vulnerable to bugs eastward.g. phones crashing when playing a specific video, which is a type of software bug that has afflicted both iOS and Android devices.

In the real world, the security of an Android or iOS device is only as skillful every bit the software updates that have been applied to information technology. This is where iOS shines because of the fragmented nature of the Android ecosystem. Apple releases software updates and makes them available to all iOS devices at the same time. On Android, Google releases software updates and security patches to Nexus devices. Devices from other manufacturers lag behind because the manufacturer must take these security updates from Google and apply them to their ain devices "in the wild". About all manufacturers do a poor job at this. Well-nigh don't release patches to devices older than 12-18 months. Even when they do, these security updates are rolled out months after Nexus devices receive them.

That Android devices are less secure is also evidenced past this compensation program; a company that obtains security exploits from hackers and sells them to governments has a compensation on 0-day (i.e., previously unknown) exploits for iOS ($1.5 million), Android ($200,000) and Flash ($eighty,000). The amounts of the bounties are a rough proxy for how like shooting fish in a barrel it is to exploit these platforms in practice.

So a security-witting individual or visitor should use either iOS or Nexus devices.

Privacy

Both iOS and Android are "vulnerable" to a sure kind of privacy leak: an app installed on either platform can get a list of all other apps installed on the same device. This ways your calculator app tin can find out that you use Tinder and relay that data back to its publisher, who is then costless to utilize this info in whatever fashion they choose. In Nov 2014, Twitter announced that it is at present tracking the list of apps its users have installed on their phones. Twitter is far from beingness the but company doing this.

Permissions requested past Pandora's Android app. An Android user cannot use Pandora's app without accepting all of these permission requests.

Beyond the listing of apps, when it comes to protecting users' private data, iOS wins. Until Android Marshmallow was released in 2015, when installing apps on Android, the user was presented with all the permissions that the app is requesting. This was an all-or-zip proposition. The user could choose to accept the app's request for permissions or not install the app at all. App developers accept advantage of this "feature" and asking a lot of user information. For example, Pandora's mobile app on Android requests permissions for your Google identity, contacts, calendar, photos, media, files and even call information.

Pandora's app on iOS gets no such permissions. After it is installed and opened by the user, an iOS app may request additional permissions similar location and access to Contacts. But the user can reject these permission requests. Fifty-fifty after approving the permission requests, iOS users tin can quickly glance at which apps have access to their Contacts and location data, and turn off access for apps with which they no longer want to share this data.

Android M (or Marshmallow) immune a new permissions regime where apps could request permissions as needed. Nonetheless, a majority of Android apps notwithstanding accept the approach of requesting permissions upfront. While information technology is possible to manage app permissions on Android at a more than granular level, this option is buried deep in the settings.

Building and Publishing Apps for iOS vs. Android

Android apps are programmed using C, C++ and Coffee. It is an "open" platform; anyone can download the Android source code and Android SDK for free. Anyone can create and distribute Android apps for free; users are free to download apps from exterior the official Google Play store. In that location is, however, a one-time $25 registration fee for developers who want to publish their apps (whether free or paid apps) on the official Google Play store. Apps published on Google Play undergo a review by Google. The Android SDK is bachelor for all platforms - Mac, PC and Linux.

iOS apps are programmed using Objective-C. Developers must pay $99 every year for access to the iOS SDK and the right to publish in Apple's app store. The iOS SDK is simply available for the Mac platform.

Some app development platforms - such every bit Titanium Appcelerator and PhoneGap - offer a way to code in one case (say in Javascript and/or HTML) and have the platform catechumen it into "native" code for both Android and iOS platforms.

UI Design for Android vs. iOS 7

In Beyond Flat, SeatGeek founder Jack Groetzinger outlines a lot of the differences in how Android and iOS approach their blueprint aesthetic and what it means for app developers. For example,

• Buttons:Android buttons are ordinarily monochromatic, with a tendency towards using iconography when possible. The standard iOS vii button is evidently monochromatic text with no background or edge. When iOS 7 does use button borders, they tend to be quite uncomplicated.
• The Action Bar of Navigation Bar: The nav bar in iOS is commonly just a Back button linking to the previous screen. In Android, the navigation bar usually has several activeness buttons.
• Intents: Intents on Android allows applications to flexibly interoperate with each other. For example, apps can "annals" themselves as capable of sharing which allows the user to share using this app from any other app.

The commodity outlines several other differences and is a great read.

The Bottomline: Choosing between iOS and Android

To summarize the key pros and cons of Android and iOS:

iOS pros and cons

• Massive app ecosystem: singled-out advantage for tablet apps while on smartphones popular apps are usually available for both platforms
• Deeper integration with Facebook and Twitter: information technology is easier to mail service updates and share on social networks using iOS than Android considering of how deeply integrated these platforms are with iOS.
• iOS-only apps like Passbook, FaceTime, and mobile payments app Square (available on iOS 3GS,4,4S,five and upwards, nut but for a express Android phones)
• Interface is locked downward: Limited customization options for the home screens; only rows of app icons are immune. No third-political party apps are pre-installed past the wireless carrier. Users can only install apps from the App Store
• Software upgrades: Apple offers software upgrades to all devices that accept the hardware capable of handling the new software. This means devices stay current with software features for at to the lowest degree two to three years.
• Meliorate privacy controls: iOS offers meliorate control over the access apps have to users' private information such as contacts and location.

Android pros and cons

• Massive hardware selection: A large number of Android devices are available at various price points, with varying hardware capabilities, screen sizes and features.
• Highly customizable user experience: The home screen can be customized with not just app icons but widgets that permit the user to stay connected or informed. Other examples include SwiftKey, which modifies your Android smartphone's keyboard, and apps that emulate older gaming consoles. Google has fewer restrictions than Apple tree on what kinds of apps it allows in its Play store. Moreover, you can choose to install Android apps from places other than the Google Play store.

Several prominent people take shifted from iPhone to Android. Android'due south connectedness to the Google ecosystem of services is potent and arguably more useful compared with Apple'due south deject services suite.

References

• iOS fourteen - Apple.com
• iOS 14 Review - Engadget
• Android phones not getting upgrades - Apple Insider
• Apps available on Android but not iOS - AppStorm
• Android is Better - PaulStamatiou.com
• Why buy an Android tablet over Apple's iPad? - Consumer Reports
• Wikipedia:Android (operating organisation)
• Wikipedia:iOS
• Android is edging out iOS in the global tablet market - Digital Trends
• Smartphone Bone Market Share, Q4 2014 - IDC
• iPhone crashing 'prank' video bug and our uncertain security future - Estimator World

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